COMPONENTS (PARTS) OF A HADITH
The components (parts) of a Hadith are mainly three, namely:
1. Isnad: The isnad is the chain of transmitters. It contains proof that the Hadith can be traced to the Prophet. Rigorous testing of the links between individuals has helped Muslims be certain of the authenticity of Hadiths. The isnad guarantees that the Hadith originated with the Prophet. a) Each transmitter must be honest and upright. b) He must be a strong Muslim. c) He must have a good memory. d) Each transmitter must have known the transmitter before him, and also the transmitter after. e) The first transmitter in the chain must be a Companion of the Prophet. f) There must be no gaps or weaknesses in the chain.
2. Matn: The matn is the actual text of the Hadith. a) The matn must agree with the teachings of the Qur’an. b) It must also agree with the main body of reliable Hadiths. c) It must also agree with common sense and what is reasonable. d) It should not give precise details of events that occurred after the Prophet’s time. e) It should not contain expressions uncharacteristic of the Prophet.
3. Rawi: Rawi is the reporter of the hadith e.g sahih Bukhari
The criteria for the authenticity of Hadith The traditionalists have adopted various methods to verify the authenticity of Hadith. Firstly, they critically examine the Sanad known as the chain of narrators. For this, they have formulated a complex set of rules called ‘Usool-Hadith’. Secondly, they look carefully at the text. Some of these rules concerning the meaning of the text are listed below:
1. The text must not violate any Qur’anic text or principle of Islam.
2. The text of Hadith should not be contrary to any of the established Sunnah.
3. The Hadith must not go against the consensus of the Sahabah.
4. The Hadith should not be irrational.
5. The Hadith must not contravene the principle of Shari’ah.
6. The Hadith must not contradict any other authentic Hadith.
7. The wording should conform to the rules of Arabic grammar.
8. The soundness of its Isnad. 9. Uniformity with the teachings and messages of Al-Qur’an.
10. A reliable Hadith should not conflict with the Qur’an nor should it conflict with other reliable Hadiths.